Perhaps the most fashionable cocktail of all time, and certainly the favorite of numerous characters in novels and motion pictures, the martini is striking in its simplicity, containing only gin and dry vermouth. Stories abound regarding the martini's origin; according to the most popular (and logical) one, it's a descendant of the Martinez, which is claimed to have been created in Martinez, California, in 1849 and is, in turn, an offspring of the manhattan. Over the years, that early four-component Martinez recipe has transitioned into a two-ingredient, much drier (see dry) martini, which replaces its predecessor's slight sweetness with an icy austerity. At the beginning of the 19th century, when popular usage of the word 'martini'
From THE NEW FOOD LOVERS COMPANION, Fourth edition by Sharon Tyler Herbst and Ron Herbst. Copyright © 2007, 2001, 1995, 1990 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
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